Symptoms of vesico-ureteric reflux disease

Vesico-ureteric reflux disease (VUR) can have varying symptoms based on its severity. While some cases may not present any symptoms, others may include the following:

• Frequent urination
• Urgency to urinate
• Painful urination
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Blood in the urine
• High blood pressure
• Swelling in the legs or feet (in severe cases)

In infants or young children, VUR can cause recurring UTIs, fever, and poor weight gain. In severe cases, VUR can lead to kidney damage and, eventually, kidney failure.

It is essential to mention that these symptoms may be caused by various other conditions, and hence an accurate diagnosis by a healthcare professional is necessary to confirm VUR. Therefore, if you are experiencing any of these symptoms, seeking medical attention is crucial.

Treatment

The treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux disease (VUR) in children depends on the severity of the condition, the age of the child, and the presence of any associated medical conditions. The goal of treatment is to prevent UTIs and kidney damage and to promote normal bladder and kidney function.

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat and prevent UTIs in children with VUR. The duration and type of antibiotics prescribed for a child with a UTI will vary based on the child's age and the severity of the infection.
• Bladder training: Children with VUR may be taught bladder training techniques to help improve bladder function and prevent urine from backing up into the kidneys.
• Surgery: In certain situations, corrective surgery may be required to address VUR. Ureteral reimplantation surgery is the most frequently used surgical approach for treating VUR in children. In this procedure, the surgeon adjusts the position of the ureter and tightens the valve that links the ureter to the bladder.
• Endoscopic treatment: Endoscopic treatment may be used in some cases, particularly for milder cases of VUR. During this procedure, a small camera is inserted into the bladder, and the surgeon uses a special instrument to inject a substance that strengthens the valve and prevents urine from flowing back into the ureters.
• Observation: In some cases, particularly in mild cases of VUR, the doctor may recommend observation and monitoring of the child's condition with regular check-ups and tests.

Treatment of VUR in children requires close monitoring and follow-up care with a paediatric surgeon or nephrologist. The healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the child's individual needs and circumstances.

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